Many modern medicines, for example blood derivatives, vaccines, cytostatic drugs, and antibiotics, but also soluble coffee, have one thing in common: freeze-drying is the best method of transforming the perishable substances into a form that keeps well and allows the substances to be stored before being returned almost to their natural state.

This book describes the rules of freeze-drying. The critical process data is not just presented theoretically but explained with regard to practical examples. Application of freeze-drying processes is the main emphasis of this book. Many years of experience in the freeze-drying business allow the author to present valuable criteria for the selection of laboratory or industrial plants. Evaluation of the latest publications guarantees state-of-the-art coverage of information.


Even modern topics, e.g., validation of processes or estimation of acceptable variances from preset values, are taken into account. These valuable tips make the book indispensable for everybody working in the freeze-drying business.